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Raphael Linus Levien (also known as Raph Levien) is an influential member of the free software developer community, through his creation of the Advogato virtual community and his work with the free software branch of Ghostscript. Since 2007 he is employed at Google. He holds a PhD in Computer Science from UC Berkeley. He also made a computer-assisted proof system similar to Metamath: (Ghilbert ). ==Imaging and typography== The primary focus of Levien's work and research is in the varied areas regarding the theory of imaging—that is, rendering pictures and fonts for electronic display, which in addition to being aesthetically and mathematically important also contribute to the accessibility and search-openness of the web. Levien has written several papers documenting his research in halftoning technology, which have been implemented in the Gimp-Print free software package, as well as by several commercial implementations. He also created Gill, the GNOME desktop illustration application which aimed at supporting the W3C SVG standard for Vector Graphics. He states it was named after Eric Gill, the English type designer responsible for the Gill Sans, Perpetua and Joanna fonts. Direct development on Gill ceased around the year 2000, but a fork of its codebase has evolved to Sodipodi, and through it to Inkscape. In 2009, Levien completed a PhD thesis entitled 'From Spiral to Spline: Optimal Techniques in Interactive Curve Design' and published a standalone essay on the mathematical history of Elastica.〔 He calls the Elastica "A beautiful family of curves based on beautiful mathematics and a rich and fascinating history." Beginning in 2010, his work with Google largely focused on introducing high-quality, open licensed, well organized webfonts to the internet through Google's webfont API.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTX1lU97z08 )〕 Here, his experience with typographical technology, history and industry〔 helped to shape the development of this growing resource, though he has since moved on from the project to work on Android fonts and text layout.〔 One of his own fonts, Inconsolata (named in 2009 as one of the ten best programming fonts by Hivelogic, and generally known for its clean lines and elegant design) is now available within the Google library. Regarding this font and his curves work in general, Levien had to say, "And, in fact, I don’t just use the Euler spirals, I use a mixture of curves (my package is called Spiro, which is kind of an abbreviation for polynomial spirals). Most of Inconsolata (the monospaced font mentioned above) is drawn using G4-continuous splines, which are a very close approximation to the Minimum Variation Curve of Henry Moreton. I now think that’s overkill, and G2-continuous splines (the Euler spiral ones) are plenty, and could be done with fewer points." 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Raph Levien」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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